De Officiis: On Duties by Cicero (Loeb Classical Library, 1928, trans. Walter Miller)
Book details
- Title
- De Officiis: On Duties by Cicero (Loeb Classical Library, 1928, trans. Walter Miller)
- Author
- Cicero
- Publication year listed
- 1928
- Format
- Public domain eBook
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- View on Archive.org
About this book
De Officiis: On Duties by Cicero (Loeb Classical Library, 1928, trans. Walter Miller)
Author: Marcus Tullius Cicero
Year: 1928
Cicero. De Officiis [On Moral Duties]. Translated by Walter Miller, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard UP / William Heinemann Ltd., 1928. Originally printed 1913. Reprinted 1921, 1928. Structured Analysis for AP/IB Use 1. Historical, Political, and Philosophical Context Written in 44 BCE during the collapse of the Roman Republic, De Officiis is Cicero’s final philosophical treatise, composed after Julius Caesar’s assassination. The Senate had been weakened, and Marcus Antonius threatened what remained of the Republican order. Cicero, unable to act politically, turned to philosophical writing. His aim was to reintroduce Greek ethics (especially Stoicism and the New Academy) into Roman political and moral thought. Philosophical influences: Panaetius (Stoicism), Plato, Aristotle, and Carneades (Academic Skepticism). Cicero blends Greek theory with Roman practicality. 2. Epistemology (Treatment of Knowledge) Cicero treats knowledge as a practical and moral pursuit. Unlike Platonic idealism or pure scientific inquiry, Cicero emphasizes veritas (truth) as meaningful only when it guides action (I.15). He supports probabilistic reasoning (from the New Academy), acknowledging human limits in a
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